A presidential election is expected to be held in Egypt in March or April 2012. It will be the second presidential election in Egypt’s history, following the 2005 election and presidential confirmation referendums in 1999, 1993, and earlier. Hosni Mubarak had been President from 1981 until February 2011.

Opinion Polls

The first opinion poll conducted in Egypt post Mubarak, was conducted by YouGov. According to the YouGov survey of 1871 Egyptians between 15-20 February, Almost half of all Egyptians (49%) believed that Amr Moussa, the secretary general of the Arab League, was the man most capable of leading the next Egyptian Government. Other potential Presidents, Ahmed Zewill (13%) & Ayman Nour, Mubarak’s 2005 Presidential rival (1%), trailed Moussa by a huge margin. Almost 1 in 10 (9%) believed former Vice President, Omar Sulieman, should be Egypt’s new leader. The majority (81%) of Egyptians believed that the army would facilitate free and fair elections.

According to a survey conducted for the International Peace Institute amongst 615 adult citizens of Egypt from 9 to 20 March, 37% would have voted for Amr Moussa, 16% for Marshal Mohamed Tantawi, 12% for Ahmed Zewail, 7% for Essam Sharaf, 5% for Omar Suleiman, 2% for Mohamed ElBaradei, and 1% for Ayman Nour.

An April, 2011 survey of 1,000 Egyptians by Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project with a margin of error of four percentage points found that the most popular Egyptian politician was Amr Moussa with 41% of Egyptians viewing him as “very favourable,” followed by Ayman Nour with 32% and Mohamed ElBaradei with 25%. Some 75% had a favourable view of the Muslim Brotherhood, but only 17% believed they should lead the next government.

In June, 2011 poll by IPI, former Arab League SecretaryGeneral Amr Moussa remains front runner for the November presidential election with 32 % of voting intentions. If they run, sitting Prime Minister Essam Sharaf would place second at 16 % and Marshall Mohammad Tantawi third at 8%. Opposition leaders Mohammad El Baradei and Ayman Nour get just 2 % and 3 % of vote intentions respectively.

An July, 2011 survey for Newsweek/The Daily Beast showed the following results: 16% Amr Moussa, 12% Mohamed ElBaradei, 12% Ahmed Shafik, 6% Mohamed Selim El Awa, 5% Abdel ElMoneim Abu ElFottoh, 5% Field Marshal Tantawi, 4% Omar Suleiman, 4% Magdy Hatata, 4% Hisham El-Bastawesi, 4% Ayman Nour (al-Ghad), 2% Hamdeen Sabahi (al-Karama), 27% Don’t know/Undecided. When asked who would they choose between Amr Moussa, Mohamed ElBaradei and AbdElMonem Abul Futuh, 47% favored Moussa, 19% ELBaradei, 16% Futuh and 18% weren’t sure.

On 23 August Al-Ahram Centre for Political and Strategic Studies (ACPSS) and the Danish-Egyptian Dialogue Institute (DEDI) presented the outcome of a voters survey they have conducted amongst 2,400 Egyptians of voting age from 5 to 17 August. According to it, 44% of the respondents would vote for Amr Moussa, 12% for Ahmed Shafiq, 9% for Omar Suleiman, 6% for Ayman Nour, 5% each for Hamdeen Sabahi, Hazem Salah Abu Ismail, and Salim Al-Awa, 4% each for Mohamed ElBaradei and Hisham Bastawisy, and 2% each for Abdel-Moneim Aboul-Fotouh and Magdy Hatata.

A Press TV survey conducted by Synovate and published on 4 October with a sample of 1,030 respondents showed nearly 42 percent supporting Amr Moussa, 15 percent for Ahmed Shafiq, and 13 percent favoring Mohammed ElBaradei.

The second national voter survey by APSSC and DEDI showed 44.8% support for Amr Moussa, 13.2% for Ahmed Shafik, 10.8% for Omar Suleiman, 5.7% for Hamdeen Sabahi, 5.2% for Abu Ismail, and 5.0% for Ayman Nour. Nine other candidates were taken into account in the 11-12 September survey among 2,400 Egyptians above the age of 18

1- Mohamed ElBaradei:-

Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei, born June 17, 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat. He was the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an inter-governmental organisation under the auspices of the United Nations, from December 1997 to November 2009. ElBaradei and the IAEA were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. ElBaradei was also an important figure in the 2011 Egyptian revolution which ousted the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.

Family and personal life:
ElBaradei was born and raised in Cairo, Egypt. He was one of five children of Mostafa ElBaradei, an attorney who headed the Egyptian Bar Association and often found himself at odds with the regime of President Gamal Abdel Nasser. ElBaradei’s father was also a supporter of democratic rights in Egypt, supporting a free press and an independent judiciary.
ElBaradei is married to Aida El-Kachef, an early-childhood teacher. They have two children: a daughter, Laila, who is a lawyer living in London; and a son, Mostafa, who is an IT manager living in Cairo. They also have one granddaughter, Maya.
ElBaradei speaks Arabic, English, and French, and knows “enough German to get by, at least in Vienna.”

Early career:
ElBaradei earned a bachelor’s degree in law from the University of Cairo in 1962, a master’s degree in international law at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, and a J.S.D. in International Law at the New York University School of Law in 1974.
His diplomatic career began in 1964 in the Ministry of External Affairs, where he served in the Permanent Missions of Egypt to the United Nations in New York and in Geneva, in charge of political, legal, and arms-control issues. From 1974 to 1978, he was a special assistant to the foreign minister. In 1980, he became a senior fellow in charge of the International Law Program at the United Nations Institute for Training and Research. From 1981 to 1987, he was also an adjunct professor of international law at the New York University School of Law.
In 1984, ElBaradei became a senior staff member of the IAEA Secretariat, serving as the agency’s legal adviser (1984 to 1993) and Assistant Director General for External Relations (1993 to 1997).
ElBaradei is currently a member of both the International Law Association and the American Society of International Law.
[edit]Public career as IAEA Director General

ElBaradei began to serve as Director General of the IAEA, which is based in Vienna, on December 1, 1997, succeeding Hans Blix of Sweden. He was re-elected for two more four-year terms in 2001 and in 2005. His third and last term ended in November 2009. ElBaradei’s tenure has been marked by high-profile, non-proliferation issues, which include the inspections in Iraq preceding the March 2003 invasion and tensions over the nuclear program of Iran.

First term as Director General:
After being appointed by the IAEA General Conference in 1997, ElBaradei said in his speech that, “for international organizations to enjoy the confidence and support of their members, they have to be responsive to members’ needs; show concrete achievements; conduct their activities in a cost-effective manner; and respect a process of equitable representation, transparency, and open dialogue.”
Just a couple of months before ElBaradei took office, the Model Additional Protocol was adopted, creating a new environment for IAEA verification by giving it greater authority to look for undeclared nuclear activities. When in office, Elbaradei launched a program to establish “integrated safeguards” combining the IAEA’s comprehensive safeguard agreements with the newly adopted Additional Protocol. In his statement to the General Conference in 1998, he called upon all states to conclude the Additional Protocol: “One of the main purposes of the strengthened-safeguards system can be better achieved with global adherence. I would, therefore, urge all states with outstanding-safeguards agreements to conclude them, and I would also urge all states to accelerate their consideration of the Model Additional Protocol and enter into consultations with the Agency at the earliest possible opportunity. We should work together to ensure that, by the year 2000, all states [will] have concluded outstanding-safeguards agreements and also the Additional Protocol.” Elbaradei repeated this call through his years as the Director General of the IAEA. In November 2009, 93 countries had Additional Protocols in force.
ElBaradei’s first term ended in November 2001, just two months after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. These attacks made clear that more needed to be done to protect nuclear material and installations from theft or a terrorist attack. Consequently, ElBaradei established a nuclear security program to combat the risk of nuclear terrorism by assisting member states to strengthen the protection of their nuclear and radioactive material and installations, the Nuclear Security Fund.

Second term as Director General:
One of the major issues during ElBaradei’s second term as the director general of the IAEA was the agency’s inspections in Iraq. ElBaradei disputed the U.S. rationale for the 2003 invasion of Iraq from the time of the 2002 Iraq disarmament crisis, when he, along with Hans Blix, led a team of UN weapons inspectors in Iraq. ElBaradei told the UN Security Council in March 2003 that documents purporting to show that Iraq had tried to acquire uranium from Niger were not authentic.
ElBaradei described the U.S. invasion of Iraq as “a glaring example of how, in many cases, the use of force exacerbates the problem rather than [solves] it.” ElBaradei further stated that “we learned from Iraq that an inspection takes time, that we should be patient, that an inspection can, in fact, work,”and that he had “been validated” in concluding that Saddam Hussein had not revived his nuclear weapons program.
In a 2004 op-ed piece on the dangers of nuclear proliferation, in the New York Times (February 12, 2004), ElBaradei stated that “we must abandon the unworkable notion that it is morally reprehensible for some countries to pursue weapons of mass destruction, yet morally acceptable for others to rely on them for security — and indeed to continue to refine their capacities and postulate plans for their use.” He went on to say “If the world does not change course, we risk self-destruction.”

Third and final term as Director General:
The United States initially voiced opposition to his election to a third four-year term in 2005. In a May 2005 interview with the staff of the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Lawrence Wilkerson, the chief of staff to former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell, charged former Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security John Bolton with an underhanded campaign to unseat ElBaradei. “Mr. Bolton overstepped his bounds in his moves and gyrations to try to keep [ElBaradei] from being reappointed as [IAEA] head,” Wilkerson said. The Washington Post reported in December 2004 that the Bush administration had intercepted dozens of ElBaradei’s phone calls with Iranian diplomats and was scrutinizing them for evidence [that] they could use to force him out. IAEA spokesman Mark Gwozdecky said the agency worked on “the assumption that one or more entities may be listening to our conversations.” “It’s not how we would prefer to work, but it is the reality. At the end of the day, we have nothing to hide,” he said. Iran responded to the Washington Post reports by accusing the U.S. of violating international law in intercepting the communications.

The United States was the only country to oppose ElBaradei’s reappointment and eventually failed to win enough support from other countries to oust ElBaradei. On June 9, 2005, after a meeting between U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and ElBaradei, the United States dropped its objections. Among countries that supported Elbaradei were China, Russia, Germany, and France. China praised his leadership and objectivity, and supported him for doing “substantial fruitful work, which has maintained the agency’s role and credit in international non-proliferation and promoted the development of peaceful use of nuclear energy. His work has been universally recognized in the international community. China appreciates Mr. El Baradei’s work and supports his reelection as the agency’s director general.” France, Germany, and some developing countries, have made clear their support for ElBaradei as well.Russia issued a strong statement in favor of re-electing him as soon as possible.
ElBaradei was unanimously re-appointed by the IAEA board on June 13, 2005.

Comments on no fourth term:
In 2008, ElBaradei said that he would not be seeking a fourth term as director general. Moreover, he said, in an IAEA document,that he was “not available for a further term” in office. In its first five rounds of voting, the IAEA Board of Governors was split in its decision regarding the next director general. ElBaradei said, “I just hope that the agency has a candidate acceptable to all–north, south, east, west–because that is what is needed.” After several rounds of voting, on July 3, 2009, Mr. Yukiya Amano, Japanese ambassador to the IAEA, was elected as the next IAEA director general.

ElBaradei and U.S. Relations:
Mohamed ElBaradei, leader of the National Coalition for Change, has been a major voice for democratic change in Egypt since 2009 and was a significant leader during the recent protests.[25] However, he has a rocky history with the U.S. government and supports some policies that do not support current U.S. foreign policy towards stability in the Middle East.

ElBaradei was the Director General of the IAEA from 1997–2009. During his three terms, he repeatedly downplayed claims of possible military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear program, which undermined U.S. efforts to press Iran over its safeguards violations. According to a July 3, 2003 article in Time Magazine, ElBaradei also maintained that Iraq’s nuclear program had not restarted before the 2003 Iraq War, contradicting claims by the Bush Administration. He told the German news magazine Der Spiegel on July 12, 2010 that he wanted to open the Gaza Strip – Egypt border and accused Israel of being the biggest threat to the Middle East because of their nuclear weapons.

ElBaradei has called for international criminal investigation of former Bush regime officials for their roles in fomenting the war on Iraq.

Role in addressing the nuclear program of Iran:
In his last speech to the IAEA Board of Governors in June 2009, ElBaradei stated that “the agency has been able to continue to verify the non-diversion of declared nuclear material in Iran.” He regretted, however, that “Iran has not implemented any of the measures called for by the Security Council and by the Agency’s Board of Governors.” ElBaradei also said that he was encouraged “by the new initiative of the United States to engage the Islamic Republic of Iran in direct dialogue, without preconditions and on the basis of mutual respect” and expressed hope “that Iran will respond to the US initiative with an equal gesture of goodwill and trust building.” This gesture “could include implementing again the agency’s design-information requirements and applying the provisions of the additional protocol.”

The IAEA Board of Governors and UN Security Council have commended ElBaradei for “professional and impartial efforts” to resolve all outstanding issues with Iran. The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) has also reiterated “its full confidence in the impartiality and professionalism of the Secretariat of the IAEA.”

Statements to the media:
In an interview with CNN in May 2007, ElBaradei gave one of his sternest warnings against using military action against Iran, a state signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Referring to “the extreme people who have extreme views” he said that “you do not want to give additional argument to some of the ‘new crazies’ who want to say let us go and bomb Iran.”
The New York Times columnist Roger Cohen interviewed ElBaradei in April 2009. ElBaradei is quoted as saying, “Israel would be utterly crazy to attack Iran.” He states that an attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities would “turn the region into a ball of fire and put Iran on a crash course for nuclear weapons with the support of the whole Muslim world.” ElBaradei believes that the nuclear non-proliferation regime has “lost its legitimacy in the eyes of Arab public opinion because of the perceived double standard” in relation to Israel’s nuclear-weapons’ program.

In an interview with French newspaper, Le Monde, ElBaradei said that he wants “to get people away from the idea that Iran will be a threat from tomorrow and that we are faced right now with the issue of whether Iran should be bombed or allowed to have the bomb. We are not at all in that situation. Iraq is a glaring example of how, in many cases, the use of force exacerbates the problem rather than [solves] it.”

In an interview published on July 12, 2010, in the German magazine Der Spiegel, ElBaradei said “I do not believe that the Iranians are actually producing nuclear weapons. . . .[I]n general, the danger of a nuclear-armed Iran is overestimated; some even play it up intentionally.

Reactions to Elbaradei’s role in addressing the nuclear program of Iran:
Former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice has indirectly criticized ElBaradei for “muddying the message” to Iran and has also said that “the IAEA is not in the business of diplomacy. The IAEA is a technical agency that has a board of governors of which the United States is a member.” In response to Rice’s comments, a senior official from the agency said that “the IAEA is only doing now what the U.N. Security Council asked us to do.” ElBaradei notes that Rice said that, “from the U.S. perspective, I served with distinction,”,and Rice has further said that she appreciated his “stewardship of the nonproliferation regime.”

Former prime minister and current president of Israel, Shimon Peres, has said that “there are holes in the (IAEA) apparatus for deterring a culture of nuclear weapons, as in the case with Iran, but the agency certainly has done much in the prevention of nuclear weapons from reaching dangerous hands.” In a different reaction, former Israeli Deputy Prime Minister Shaul Mofaz has called for ElBaradei to be impeached.

In September 2007, French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner, warned about the potential dangers of a nuclear Iran. He stated that “we have to prepare for the worst, and the worst is war.” In response to Kouchner, ElBaredei characterized talk of attacking Iran as “hype”, and dismissed the notion of a possible attack on Iran. He referred to the war in Iraq, where “70,000 innocent civilians have lost their lives on the suspicion that a country has nuclear weapons.” He further added “I do not believe at this stage that we are facing a clear and present danger that requires [that] we go beyond diplomacy.”

Iran points out that ElBaradei has highlighted the lack of evidence that Iran is after a nuclear bomb and has stated that Iran is meeting its obligations to allow inspectors into its nuclear sites. Iran further states that the IAEA chief has consistently verified non-diversion in Iran’s nuclear program and has said that his investigations show no military aspect in Iran’s program. According to the Tehran Times political desk, ElBaradei has reaffirmed in December 2008 that Iran’s nuclear activities are “legal”.

Dr. Kaveh L Afrasiabi, the author of After Khomeini: New Directions in Iran’s Foreign Policy, said that ElBaradei has been downplaying Iran’s cooperation for some time, a statement which is raising the ire of Tehran. Afrasiabi further says that ElBaradei has given himself “the license to speculate on the timeline when Iran could convert its peaceful nuclear work into weaponization,” which is irresponsible and inconsistent with his statements on other states.
The NAM has also reiterated “its full confidence in the impartiality and professionalism of the Secretariat of the IAEA.” “[The] NAM recognizes the IAEA as the sole competent authority for verification and expresses its full confidence in the professionalism and impartiality of the IAEA. In this regard, [the] NAM strongly believes that all issues on safeguards and verification, including those of Iran, should be resolved only by the agency, within its framework, and be based on technical and legal grounds,” the NAM said in another statement.

Multinational control of the nuclear fuel cycle:
In an op-ed that he wrote for the Economist in 2003, ElBaradei outlined his idea for the future of the nuclear fuel cycle. His suggestion was to “limit the processing of weapon-usable material in civilian nuclear programs, as well as the production of new material, by agreeing to restrict these operations exclusively to facilities under multinational control.” Also, “nuclear-energy systems should be deployed that, by design, avoid the use of materials that may be applied directly to making nuclear weapons.” He concluded by saying that “considerable advantages would be gained from international co-operation in these stages of the nuclear-fuel cycle. These initiatives would not simply add more non-proliferation controls, to limit access to weapon-usable nuclear material; they would also provide access to the benefits of nuclear technology for more people in more countries.”

Non-nuclear-weapon states have been reluctant to embrace these proposals due to a perception that the commercial or strategic interests of nuclear-weapon states motivate the proposals, a perception that the proposals produce a dependency on a limited number of nuclear fuel suppliers, and a concern that the proposal restricts their unalienable right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.

Technical cooperation and cancer control:
ElBaradei’s work does not only concentrate on nuclear verification. Another very important aspect is development through nuclear technology. In 2004, ElBaradei sponsored a comprehensive global initiative—the Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (PACT)–to fight cancer. In one of his statements, Elbaradei said: “A silent crisis in cancer treatment persists in developing countries and is intensifying every year. At least 50 to 60 percent of cancer victims can benefit from radiotherapy, but most developing countries do not have enough radiotherapy machines or sufficient numbers of specialized doctors and other health professionals.” In the first year of operation, PACT provided cancer-treatment capacity in seven member states, using the IAEA’s share of the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize.
In his speech to the 2008 General Conference, ElBaradei said that “development activities remain central to our work. Our resources have long been insufficient to keep pace with requests for support, and we have increasingly made use of partnerships with other organizations, regional collaborations and country-to-country support. I again emphasise that technical cooperation is not a bargaining chip, part of a political ‘balance’ between the development and safeguards activities of the agency.”

International Crisis Group:
ElBaradei served on the Board of Trustees of the International Crisis Group, a non-governmental organization that enjoys an annual budget of over $15 million and is bankrolled by the Carnegie, the Ford Foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, as well as George Soros’ Open Society Institute. Soros himself serves as a member of the organization’s Executive Committee.

Egyptian politics:
2011 Egyptian revolution:
Mohammed ElBaradei during Friday of Anger:
While speaking at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government on April 27, 2010, ElBaradei joked that he is “looking for a job” and is seeking to be an “agent of change and an advocate for democracy” within Egyptian politics. He also made clear that his wife is not very enthusiastic about any potential run.

On January 27, 2011, ElBaradei returned to Egypt amid ongoing turmoil, with the largest mass protests in 30 years, which had begun two days earlier, on January 25, 2011. ElBaradei declared himself ready to lead a transitional government if that was the will of the nation, saying that, “If [people] want me to lead the transition, I will not let them down.” Subsequently, “when he joined protesters Friday after noon prayers, police fired water cannons at him and his supporters. They used batons to beat some of ElBaradei’s supporters, who surrounded him to protect him.” On January 28, 2011, ElBaradei was reported to have been placed under house arrest in Egypt. However, the next day, when he was interviewed by Al Jazeera, he said that he was unaware of any such arrest.

Later on, ElBaradei arrived in Tahrir Square to join thousands of other protesters against the Mubarak regime and spoke directly to the people, stating that they “have taken back [their] rights” and that they cannot go back. A number of Egyptian political movements have called on ElBaradei to form a transitional government. ElBaradei has also stated that “the people [of Egypt] want the regime to fall.” In response to the appointment of Omar Suleiman as the new vice president of Egypt, ElBaradei stated that it was a “hopeless, desperate attempt by Mubarak to stay in power. I think [that] it is loud and clear…that Mubarak has to leave today.” Additionally, ElBaradei restated his position that, when Egypt does become a democratic nation, “there is no reason to believe that a democracy in Egypt would not lead to a better relationship with the US based on respect and equity.”
The Guardian reported that ElBaradei has been mandated by the Muslim Brotherhood and four other opposition groups to negotiate an interim “national salvation government.” However, BBC reports that the Muslim Brotherhood, the largest opposition party banned by Mubarak’s regime, has not consented to the choice of ElBaradei as the representative of the opposition. “The people have not appointed Mohamed ElBaradei to become a spokesman of them. The Muslim Brotherhood is much stronger than Mohamed ElBaradei as a person. And we do not agree [that he should represent] this movement. The movement is represented by itself, and it will [appoint] a committee. . .to [delegate its representatives].”
His appointment is controversial largely because of the long periods that he has spent outside the country. His appointment is seen as a recognition of the importance of various Western nations’ support of the revolts.

Possible presidential candidacy:
ElBaradei’s name has been circulated by opposition groups since 2009 as a possible candidate to succeed President Hosni Mubarak in Egypt’s highest executive position.

ElBaradei did not make any clear statements regarding his intentions to run for the office; however, he has demanded that certain conditions be met to ensure fair elections accompanied by changes to the constitution that will allow more freedom for independent candidates before he would actually consider running for the presidency. Several opposition groups have endorsed him, considering him a neutral figure who could transition the country to greater democracy.

On February 24, 2010, ElBaradei met with several opposition leaders and notable intellectuals at his home in Cairo. The meeting was concluded with an announcement for the formation of a new non-party-political movement called the “National Association for Change.” The movement aims for general reforms in the political scene and mainly article 76 of the Egyptian constitution, which places restrictions on free presidential elections, especially when it comes to independent candidates. The banned political group, the Muslim Brotherhood, was represented at the meeting by one of its key figures; however, its stand in accepting a non-member of its group as a representative is still unclear. It is also unknown whether Amr Moussa, the head of the Arab League who met with ElBaradei a day earlier, will be part of the new movement.
On March 7, 2011 it was announced that Elbaradei intended to run for the presidential elections, this intention was later clearly stated in a live interview by ElBaradei to the ON TV channel March 10, 2011.

Awards:
During his tenure as Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency, ElBaradei has been recognized with many awards for his efforts to ensure that nuclear energy is used for peaceful purposes.

2005 Nobel Peace Prize:
On October 7, 2005, ElBaradei and the IAEA were announced as joint recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize for their “efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy, for peaceful purposes, is used in the safest possible way.” ElBaradei donated all of his winnings to building orphanages in Cairo. The IAEA’s winnings are being spent to train scientists from developing countries to use nuclear techniques in combating cancer and malnutrition. ElBaradei is the fourth Egyptian to receive the Nobel Prize, following Anwar Sadat (1978 in Peace), Naguib Mahfouz (1988 in Literature), and Ahmed Zewail (1999 in Chemistry).

In his Nobel lecture, ElBaradei said that the changing landscape of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament may be defined by the emergence of an extensive black market in nuclear material and equipment, the proliferation of nuclear weapons and sensitive nuclear technology, and the stagnation in nuclear disarmament. To combat proliferation, ElBaradei has suggested keeping nuclear and radiological material out of the hands of extremist groups, tightening control over the operations for producing the nuclear material that could be used in weapons, and accelerating disarmament efforts. ElBaradei also stated that only one percent of the money spent to develop new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world and that, if we hope to escape self destruction, nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience and no role in our security.

United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan said that he was delighted that the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize had been awarded to the UN nuclear watchdog and its head, ElBaradei. “The secretary general congratulates him and the entire staff of the agency, past and present, on their contributions to global peace,” a spokesman for Annan said.

Other awards and recognition
-ElBaradei in the 45th Munich Security Conference 2009
-ElBaradei has received many awards for his work as director of the IAEA:
-The Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria (Grand Decoration in Gold with Sash) (2009).
-The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Grand Cross with Star and Sash) (2010).
-“El Athir” award, Algeria’s highest national distinction.
-The Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award (2006).
-The James Park Morton Interfaith Award.
-The Golden Plate award from the American Academy of Achievement
-The Jit Trainor award from Georgetown University for distinction in the conduct of diplomacy
-The Human Security award from the Muslim Public Affairs Council
-The Prix de la Fondation award from the Crans Montana Forum
-The Golden Dove of Peace prize from the President of Italy
-Honorary Patron of the University Philosophical Society (2006) of Trinity College, Dublin, following in the footsteps of previous Nobel Peace Prize Winners Desmond Tutu and John Hume
-Greatest Nile Collar, the highest Egyptian civilian decoration, awarded by the Government of Egypt
-Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Peaceful Worldwide Use of Nuclear Technology, awarded by The World Nuclear Association in September 2007
-The Mostar 2007 international peace award of the Mostar Center for Peace and Multiethnic Cooperation
-The 2008 “Peacebuilding Award” of the EastWest Institute
-The International Seville NODO Prize for Peace, Security and Inter-Cultural Dialogue.
-The 2008 Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development.
-The 2009 Delta Prize for Global Understanding, sponsored by the University of Georgia and Delta Air Lines.
-The XIV International Grupo Compostela-Xunta de Galicia Prize
-ElBaradei has also received honorary doctoral degrees from the University of Dublin, Trinity College; New York University; the University of Maryland; the American University in Cairo; the Free Mediterranean University (LUM) in Bari, Italy; Soka University of Japan; Tsinghua University of Beijing; the Polytechnic University of Bucharest; the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid; Konkuk University in Seoul; the University of Florence; the University of Buenos Aires; the National University of Cuyo in Argentina; Amherst College and Cairo University.
-He is also a member of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation’s Ibrahim Prize Committee.

2- Amr Moussa:
Amr Mohammed Moussa; born 3 October 1936) is an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the Secretary-General of the Arab League, a 22-member forum representing Arab states, from 1 June 2001 until 1 June 2011. He is a candidate in the 2011 Egyptian presidential election.

Early life:
He was born on 3 October 1936 in Cairo, Egypt. He finished his education after earning a degree in law from Cairo University in 1957.

Diplomatic career:
Moussa then began his diplomatic career. Between 1958 and 1972 he worked in several Egyptian missions including Egypt’s Embassy in Switzerland and the Egyptian mission to the United Nations. From 1974 to 1977 he was an advisor to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Egypt. From 1977 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1990, he was the Director of the Department of International Organizations at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Egypt. From 1981 to 1983, Moussa was the Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York, then from 1983 to 1986 Ambassador to India. In 1990, he was promoted Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations.

Appointment as foreign minister:
He was named Minister of Foreign Affairs by Prime Minister Atef Sedki on 20 May 1991. He was minister until 15 May 2001 when he was elected as Secretary General of Arab League.

Secretary-General of the Arab League:
On 15 May 2001, Moussa was selected as Secretary General of the League of Arab States and took office on 1 June 2001. Critics of the Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak allege that Moussa’s appointment to the Office of Secretary-General of the Arab League was motivated by Mubarak’s desire to remove him from the public spotlight.

On 2003, he became a member of the United Nations High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change for International Peace and Security
On 2009, he signed a memorandum of understanding with the Holy See and met with Pope Benedict XVI in order to strengthen joint projects and to promote peace and dialogue on a cultural and political level.

On 13 June 2010, Moussa visited Gaza in a move to pressure Israel to lift its economic blockade over Hamas-ruled Gaza. The visit by Moussa was the first by an official of the Arab League since the election of Hamas in 2007. Immediately after the Gaza flotilla raid, Moussa said the Arab League would go to the UN Security Council to demand the blockade be lifted. On 15 May 2011, Nabil el-Araby elected as Secretary General of Arab League and succeed Moussa in June 1, 2011.

Moussa with President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev in Cairo on 23 June 2009.

Foreign relations:
Moussa has been heavily involved with Egypt’s foreign policy since 1958. He has been Egypt’s Ambassador to the United Nations, India, and Switzerland for a total of 21 years. After serving as Egypt’s Foreign Minister from 1991 to 2001, he served as the Secretary General of the Arab League. Moussa has been an extremely popular political figure in Egypt due to his criticism of Israeli policies towards Gaza and the West Bank. At the Forum for New Diplomacy in February 2010, Moussa gave a speech in which he criticized the U.S. government’s double standard supporting Israel’s nuclear weapons policy but not allowing Iran to pursue nuclear energy. He also criticized Western countries, including the U.S. for not recognizing the results of the 2006 Palestinian elections that brought Hamas into power. Like El-Baradei and the Muslim Brotherhood, he supports opening the Gaza Strip/Egypt border (Seale, 2010). His criticisms have made Moussa extremely popular. Many political commentators said the Mubarak sent him to work for the Arab League in 2001 so as not to compete as a presidential candidate in the 2005 Presidential elections because of his popularity. Amr Moussa announced that he would be running as a presidential candidate on March 1, 2011.

Possible presidential candidacies:
2005 presidential election:
In 2004 an online community gathered tens of thousands of signatures petitioning for Moussa to run in the 2005 elections, but there was no response. In a Doha Debate Forum televised by the BBC in 2006, Moussa was asked about his Presidential hopes. Moussa merely replied that he hoped to continue the recent run of successes that have occurred under his leadership at the Arab League until the end of his term.

2011 presidential election:
When asked about rumours that he might run for Presidency in 2011, Moussa did not deny his intention to run for office or rule it out, leaving the door open to speculations. He argued that “It’s the right of every citizen that has the capacity and efficiency to aspire to any political office that would allow him to contribute to the service of his nation”. He further stated to the press that the qualities required to be the President of Egypt also apply to Gamal Mubarak, son of the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. He also expressed appreciation “for the confidence expressed by many people when they talk about his candidacy for the presidency and that the message reached him.”
Moussa held talks with Mohamed Elbaradei after his return to Egypt. Many[who?] speculate that this meeting was held to discuss Constitutional reforms that will allow transparency in the election process as well as lifting restrictions on independent candidates. On February 1, 2011, following the announcement by President Hosni Mubarak that he would not stand in the upcoming Presidential elections, Moussa told CNN that he would seriously think about standing himself as a candidate in the next few weeks. On the February 8 broadcast of Al Jazeera English’s Empire, well-connected American journalist Seymour Hersh stated that Moussa was considered America’s favored “Plan B” should Mubarak resign, “whether he knows it or not.” On February 11, 2011 Al Jazeera English Online read from a Reuters report that stated Moussa was resigning from his position with the Arab League; on the day that President Mubarak resigned from the Egyptian presidency this furthered rumours he might make a strong bid for president when elections are announced in Egypt. On February 12, 2011 the Egyptian daily newspaper Alwafd reported that a group of Egyptian youth met with Moussa to discuss a possible nomination for the Egyptian presidential election. Moussa reportedly agreed to the nomination, but stated that he would await the currently proposed constitutional reforms in Egypt.
A poll conducted during the 2011 protests asking “who do you think should be the next President of Egypt?” showed Moussa in the lead, with 26% of respondents naming him.

Criticisms:
Moussa speaks to journalists at the World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland, 2007
Although credited with shaking up the Arab League’s bureaucracy, Moussa has been criticized by former and current staff members of the Arab League for his management of the organization. In his book, The League of the Arab States: what’s left of it, former Arab League and Syrian diplomat Kawkab Najib El-Rayess accused Moussa of favoritism and promoting his loyalists into the high ranks of the Arab League at the expense of the more-qualified diplomats.

Awards:
2001 Grand Cordon of the Nile, Egypt
2001 The Two Niles, First Class, Sudan

 

3- Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh:
Dr. Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh Abdel Hady; (born 15 October 1951), is an Egyptian physician and politician. He is currently Secretary-General of the Arab Medical Union. Formerly he was a member of the Guidance Bureau of the Muslim Brotherhood. He is a declared candidate for the Presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt in the September 2011 election.

Early life:
Abdel Fotouh was born on the 15th of October, 1951. He graduated from Cairo University’s School of Medicine with honors in 1976, and also received a Bachelors of Law from the same university. He attained a master’s degree in hospital management from the Helwan University’s Faculty of Commerce.
During his time at University, Fotouh was the president of the student’s union at the College of Medicine at Qasr Aini in 1973, and then became the president of the student’s union of Cairo University in 1975, as well as the Secretary of the Media Committee for all Egyptian Universities.

In Muslim Brotherhood:
Fotouh was a prominent student leader in the 1970s and coordinated with other students, including Essam Al Eryan and Ibrahim El Zafarany to facilitate the entry of many small Islamic organizations into the Muslim Brotherhood. For many years he a member of the Muslim Brotherhood and served on its Guidance Bureau, and has been called “one of the Brotherhood’s most respected members” , He was expelled from the Brotherhood in 2011 for refusing to relinquish his independent presidential campaign. He is also the secretary general of the Arab Medical Union.

Famous debate with Sadat:
When president of the student’s union at Cairo University, Fatouh famously debated Anwar Sadat. Fatouh accused Sadat’s close followers to be a group of hypocrites, citing Sadat’s restriction on Sheikh Mohammad Ghazali’s speeches and the arrests of student demonstrators on campus. Sadat was angered and ordered Fatouh to stop in the middle of the debate, demanding that Fatouh show respect for Sadat, the self-proclaimed father of the Egyptian people. Sadat hailed from the Egyptian countryside where paternalistic culture was strong.

Ideas:
As a leader within the Muslim Brotherhood, Fatouh claims that he worked to ensure that the ideas of the Muslim Brotherhood conformed with democratic principles. Fatouh declared on the British media outlet BBC that the source of true power and legislation was not in law or constitution, but in the people.

Imprisonment:
Fatouh was arrested in 1981, during the famous September arrests that specifically targeted members of Islamic groups in large numbers. He was then tried in a military court for the members of the Muslim Brotherhood. He was imprisoned from 1996-2001, for a span of five years. He had been working as the aide to the secretary general of the Arab Medical Union before his imprisonment, and after his release from prison, he was voted to be the secretary general of the same organization.

Presidential campaign:
In 2011, after the January Revolution, Dr. Fatouh announced that he would be running for the Presidency of Egypt. This news was welcomed among some political forces, though it was met with dissent among the Muslim Brotherhood as the organization had previously stated that they would not be putting forth a candidate for the coming presidential election. The general spokesperson for the Muslim Brotherhood announced that: “any member that wished to run would have to do so as independently, without Muslim Brotherhood affiliation.”

 

4- Mohammad Salim Al-Awa:
Mohammad Salim Al-Awa (born 1942) is an Egyptian Islamist thinker, widely considered to belong to the moderate Islamic democratic strain. He is the former Secretary General of the International Union for Muslim Scholars based in London, and head of the Egyptian Association for Culture and Dialogue. Al-Awa has been called one of the few Islamic thinkers who has made a “serious attempt” at “defining what Islamism would mean in a modern society,” or “courageously delved into the realities of Islamic history and experimented with new interpretations.”
On 14 June 2011, Al-Awa declared his candidacy for the upcoming Egyptian presidential election in September of that year.

 

5- Ayman Nour:
Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour; born 5 December 1964) is an Egyptian politician, a former member of the Egyptian Parliament and chairman of the El Ghad party.
He was imprisoned in January 2005 by the government of President Hosni Mubarak. Nour was released on health grounds on February 18, 2009. Following the fall of Mubarak in the 2011 Revolution, Nour stated his intention to run for the vacant presidency.
In February 2011, Nour spoke of the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty and stated that “Camp David is over” and that the agreement should be revised because “it is an old treaty and its terms must correspond with Egypt’s interests.”

Background:
Nour was born in the city of Mansoura in 1964. His father was a lawyer and a former Member of Parliament and his mother established and supervised a number of charity projects in Mansoura. He had been married to Gamila Ismail who also served as the vice president to the El-Ghad Party.

Formation of El Ghad:
The El Ghad party was formally recognized by the Egyptian government on October 27, 2004. Following its creation, Nour was elected president of the party at its first convention a few days later. His prominence as an independent MP made him the star of the party and one of the driving forces behind its organization. Nour fought hard to get the party recognized; its application was rejected three times before official status was finally granted.
The party was created to represent a liberal democratic perspective, with a strong interest in human rights issues. Nour used the party as a platform to call for constitutional reform, limiting the president’s powers and opening presidential elections to multiple candidates.

Arrest and imprisonment:
Nour was stripped of his parliamentary immunity and arrested on January 29, 2005. He was charged with forging PAs (Powers of Attorney) to secure the formation of the el-Ghad party. Nour vehemently denied the charges (from prison).

The arrest, occurring in an election year, was widely criticized by governments around the world as a step backwards for Egyptian democracy. Few seem to regard the charges as legitimate. Nour remained active despite his imprisonment, using the opportunity to write critical articles and make his case and cause better known.

In February 2005, Condoleezza Rice abruptly postponed a visit to Egypt, reflecting U.S. displeasure at the jailing of Nour, who was reported to have been brutally interrogated. That same month, the government announced the following month that it would open elections to multiple candidates.
In March 2005, following a strong intervention in Cairo by a group of Members of the European Parliament led by Vice-President Edward McMillan-Scott (UK, Conservative), Nour was freed and began a campaign for the Egyptian presidency.

Nour was the first runner-up in the 2005 presidential election with 7% of the vote according to government figures and estimated at 13% by independent observers, although no independent observers were allowed to monitor the elections.

On December 24, 2005 he was sentenced to five years in jail. Though diabetic, Nour engaged in a two-weeks long hunger strike to protest his trial.

Nour’s verdict and sentencing made global headlines and were the first item of news on most international news broadcasts, including the BBC.
On the day of Nour’s guilty verdict and sentencing, the White House Press Secretary released the following statement denouncing the government’s action: The United States is deeply troubled by the conviction today of Egyptian politician Ayman Nour by an Egyptian court. The conviction of Mr. Nour, the runner-up in Egypt’s 2005 presidential elections, calls into question Egypt’s commitment to democracy, freedom, and the rule of law. We are also disturbed by reports that Mr. Nour’s health has seriously declined due to the hunger strike on which he has embarked in protest of the conditions of his trial and detention. The United States calls upon the Egyptian government to act under the laws of Egypt in the spirit of its professed desire for increased political openness and dialogue within Egyptian society, and out of humanitarian concern, to release Mr. Nour from detention.

In February 2006, Rice visited Hosni Mubarak yet never spoke Nour’s name publicly. When asked about him at a news conference, she referred to his situation as one of Egypt’s setbacks. Days later, Mubarak told a government newspaper that Rice “didn’t bring up difficult issues or ask to change anything.” From prison, Nour stated “I pay the price when [Rice] speaks [of me], and I pay the price when she doesn’t,” Nour said. “But what’s happening to me now is a message to everybody.”

In June 2007 President Bush, speaking at a conference of dissidents in the Czech Republic, revisited the issue of Ayman Nour, saying: There are many dissidents who couldn’t join us because they are being unjustly imprisoned or held under house arrest. I look forward to the day when a conference like this one include Alexander Kozulin of Belarus, Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, Oscar Elias Biscet of Cuba, Father Nguyen Van Ly of Vietnam, Ayman Nour of Egypt. (Applause.) The daughter of one of these political prisoners is in this room. I would like to say to her, and all the families: I thank you for your courage. I pray for your comfort and strength. And I call for the immediate and unconditional release of your loved ones. … I have asked Secretary Rice to send a directive to every U.S. ambassador in an un-free nation: Seek out and meet with activists for democracy. Seek out those who demand human rights.

Nour was released on health grounds on 18 February 2009. He was injured in the Egyptian protests of January 28 2011, where he received a stone in the head. He is being currently treated in a hospital in Agouza.

Party leadership:
Soon after, some members of the Tomorrow Party removed Nour from the presidency (a move which is supported by the Egyptian government and Nour’s political opponents), but Nour is still the official president of “El Ghad Party”. Today, the Council of the State is looking into the case filed by the divided party, taking into consideration that Nour is still officially the president and the other members were expelled from the party three days before their actions (which included claiming that they are the leaders of “El Ghad Party” and issuing a party newspaper opposing the law of press production and also entering the parliament elections under the “El Ghad” name despite the fact that they were expelled).

In November 2007, Gamila Ismail, wife of Ayman Nour, announced her resignation from her position as deputy chairman of the party without giving much more detail.

Current life:
Nour currently resides in Egypt. He was recently attacked after another attempt for running for presidency.

 

6- Sameh Ashour:
Sameh Ashour was born at the center of Saqlth – Sohag Governorate in 1953.

1. He was elected president of the Union of Students of the Faculty of Law University of Cairo in 1974-1975 led military service immediately after graduation and worked as a lawyer since late 1975 until now.

2. Since the beginning of entry into the Bar Association established the first youth entity for lawyers in the history of the Bar Association called the family of young lawyers.

3. Since its beginnings in his work as a lawyer has been involved in many issues of political tasks, including the defense of political prisoners in an uprising in January 1977 or strike the railway business.

4. The defense of the detainees from Islamic groups since the beginning of the eighties.

5. As well as the participants in the face of President Anwar Sadat, a defender of the independence of the Bar Association

6.Was arrested five arrests in September 1981 and was the youngest Almottaglin not and refused to sign a memorandum of an amnesty offered to President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak to all of them were released after that.

7. Sameh Ashour was representative of the party Nazareth PA 2000.1995 only one who refused to renew the pledge of allegiance to President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak, which has had impact on the lack of success in the next parliamentary elections.

8. Sameh Ashour is the chairman of the Egyptian Bar formerly the previous two sessions from 2001 to 2005 and from 2005 to 2008, and independent member of the Egyptian People’s Assembly since 1995 until the year. Saqlth born in Sohag. Graduate of the Faculty of Law at Cairo University 1975 – President of the Student Union of the Faculty of Law, Cairo University 1973 to 1975 – Counsel since October 1975 – Member of the Bar Council since 1985 to 1994 – Member of the Board of people from 1995 to 2000
- President of the Bar from 2001 to 2008 – Chairman of the Federation of Arab Lawyers, the former until 2008 – Vice President, International Federation
Attorneys – Vice President of the Bar Association of Africans – a member of the National Council for Human Rights and President of the Legislative Committee – Member of the legal sector of the Supreme Council of Universities – Member of the legal sector the craft Top of Culture – a member of the Council of the Faculty of Law – University of Cairo – Member of the Council of cauterizing of Law – Ain Shams University _ struggled all the issues of nationalism and Arabism fighter against dependency and anti-Zionist and against the U.S. occupation of Iraq – Payment of the age of many months spent in prison by a decision of President Sadat in 1981 when he defended Ashour, who was still counsel a young man on the independence of the union that resolves President Sadat council against the backdrop of famous dispute About Camp David, did not come out Sameh Ashour from prison only after the death of President Sadat and the decision of President Mubarak in November 1982 for the release of detainees, where he received a number of them in the palace of Arabism was headed by Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, and among them young lawyer – and time – Sameh Ashour.
Sameh Ashour journey full of tender and attitudes effective when mention codes Sohag find in the introduction to symbols Ashour struggling son Sohag Bar, who took the Bar Association two consecutive terms, and in the last session was unlucky Sameh Ashour in its success under the chairmanship of the Bar Association but a little bit of its success to reach the hearts of all who saw elections the union from beginning to end, whether a lawyer or because Ashour proved for all mettle afternoon and he is really the son of Sohag Bar, who are proud in front of everyone and say Ashour, son of the country loyal inherent metal and descent, in all his meetings with television have not heard from Ashour, but all that is Musharraf and a source of pride to us without the other, Ashour was not accused of a falsehood, not

Underestimate one of his rivals, but was always when my teacher says little competition! Thus Ashour always was and remains an example to:
1. In 2010 he was elected assistant secretary-general of the Union of Arab Lawyers unanimously for the first time in the history of the Union.
2. Finally, he was elected president of the Arab Democratic Party in Nazareth 23/04/2011.
3. To take upon himself the task of unifying the power now at the level of Nazareth Arab Republic of Egypt.
4. Rejection of the grant provided by the American Bar Association.

 

7- Bothaina Kamel

Born: in Cairo April 18, 1962

Nationality: Egyptian

Known for: Political Activist

Kamel is an Egyptian television anchor, activist, and politician. A long time pro-democracy advocate, her professional career has been marked by repeated conflict with authorities. She recently announced her candidacy for the Egyptian presidency.

Kamel hosted a popular Egyptian radio program called “Nighttime Confessions” from 1992 to 1998. She later worked as a new presenter for Egyptian state television, and hosted a show called “Please Understand Me” on the Saudi Arabian-owned Orbit satellite TV network. In each assignment, she eventually encountered official resistance: “Confessions” was cancelled after outcries by religious conservatives, she took a leave of absence from Egyptian state television rather than participate in propaganda surrounding the 2005 elections, and “Understand Me” was taken off the air by the Saudi producers when they became concerned that its coverage of the 2011 Egyptian revolution would implicate Saudi interests.

She has long been active in pro-democracy activities, often present a pro-democracy rallies, forming an election monitoring group in 2005, and immediately taking to the streets during the 2011 revolution.

She is a self-described social democrat, and is running as an independent. A Muslim, she has taken anti-sectarian stances, endorsing proposals for equal treatment of Coptic and Muslim places of worship and for trying those who incite sectarian violence. Additionally, she wears a crescent and cross necklace and criticized the military, rather than one or the other sect, for sectarian clashes that have erupted in the wake of the revolution. Other positions include reducing the minimum age of parliamentarians from 30 to 22 in view of the youth participation in the revolution.

 

8- Abdullah Al Ashaal

Born: in 1945 in Sharkia

Political views: Moderate

Al Ashaal in Sharkia governorate and completed his pre-university studies in its schools then he studied political science in the faculty of economics and political science, and studied law in Alexandria University and continued his higher education in the two branches in Cairo, Sorbonne, Harvard and …the Europe Institute of international law at Otrecht and Leiden Universities At Hague Academy of International Law he obtained a diploma in public international law.
He combined politics, law and Islamic studies. He lectured in many Egyptian, Arab and foreign universities and institutes, throughout the last four decades .He spent about 40 year in the diplomatic service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs whereby he assumed the rank of Assistant minister and director, International Legal Affairs & Treaties. He resigned from the ministry in protest of regulates compromising the proper interests of Egypt. He was involved indirectly in the arbitration cases during his professional, educational, research, academic and practical career and he become lawyer before the Court of Cassation and other supreme courts immediately after his resignation due to the fact that he is Professor in political science and law.
He was interested in contemporary major Arab challenges cases such as Lockerbie case and the assassination of Rafiq Hariri case, al bashir and the ICC case, He is selected as an arbitrator by the Egyptian Minister of Justice in addition of professor of International Arbitration at the universities.

 

9- El-Sayyid el-Badawi

Born: in 1950 in Tanta

Ideology: Liberal Democracy

He was graduated from the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Alexandria in 1973. He is Chairman, board of directors to “Al-Hayah” Egyptian television network

Chairman and Managing Director of Sigma Pharmaceutical Industries,

Chief, Division of the pharmaceutical industry the Federation of Egyptian Chambers of Industry.

El-Badawi political career is * Secretary General at Al-Wafd Party (Tanta, Gharbyia) headquarters 1985, at that time; he was the youngest Secretary General throughout the country.

* Elected to the Al-Wafd party main body in the following years, 1989, 1996, 2001 and 2006

* Was chosen in 1995 and 2000 to supervise the election in the party.

* Secretary general of the Al-Wafd party until June 1, 2006

* Elected president of the Al-Wafd Party in May 28, 2010 in what was herald as one of the freely contested election in Egypt at that time.